> Something I don't get; I've won all of my first four battles, but in the league table, I'm below everyone else who has also won their first four, and I'm now also below some people who haven't. It all seems to be because of these mysterious "points", which I'm never told about.
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> How are these "points" calculated, and how do I get higher up the table?

It has to do with how much damage you take in battle. If you win, you get a fixed number of points for winning the round but lose a point for every gold piece of medical expenses you incur. If you lose, you get a lower fixed amount of points plus a point per gold piece of medical expenses you managed to inflict before you went down.

So you must have won four battles by narrow margins, which put you behind someone who barely lost one match but trounced his opponents in the other three.